What happens if you factory reset your computer?

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Generally, it's not recommended to do that unless it's absolutely necessary. Because this will delete all data in the hard disks. Factory resetting a computer returns it to the state it was in when you first purchased it. Here's what happens during and after the process:

1. Data Deletion

Personal Files and Data: All of your personal files, documents, photos, videos, and any data stored on the computer's internal storage will be deleted.

Installed Programs: Any programs or apps you've installed after getting the computer will be removed.

Settings and Customizations: All changes you made to settings (like desktop backgrounds, power settings, and browser configurations) will be reset to the factory defaults.

2. Operating System Reinstallation

The operating system (e.g., Windows, macOS) is reinstalled to its original state. If the system came with an older version of the OS, that's what will be restored, unless the reset process includes any updates made by the manufacturer.

3. Driver and Preinstalled Software Restoration

Any drivers or software that came preinstalled by the manufacturer (e.g., trial versions of antivirus software, productivity apps) will be restored.

If your computer was custom-built or had drivers installed for specific hardware, you may need to reinstall those drivers manually after the reset.

4. Partition Changes (if applicable)

Some factory resets will remove or alter partitions on the hard drive. This means if you created any additional partitions for organizing data, they may be wiped out, depending on the reset process you choose (some resets allow you to keep partitions or certain files).

5. User Accounts

All user accounts will be removed. After the reset, you will need to set up new user accounts.

6. Security and Malware Removal

Since all data is wiped, any malware, viruses, or other malicious software will also be erased, making it a useful option for troubleshooting severe security issues. Related guide: How to know if your computer is hacked?

7. Possible Impact on Hardware

No physical damage or change happens to hardware like RAM, CPU, or hard drives unless there’s a hardware issue already. However, if the hardware (like a solid-state drive or traditional hard drive) is malfunctioning, a reset might not complete successfully.

What You Need to Do After the Reset:

• Reinstall Programs: Any software or apps you use regularly (like Microsoft Office, web browsers, games) will need to be reinstalled.
• Restore Files: If you've backed up your files (using an external drive, cloud service, etc.), you'll need to restore them after the reset.
• Set Up Preferences: Reapply any settings or customizations you had before the reset.
• Reinstall Updates: You may need to update your operating system again, especially if the reset restores an older version.

In summary, a factory reset wipes out everything except the default settings and programs that came with the computer, allowing you to start fresh, as if the computer were brand new.